12/19/11
“Savannah’s Lost Squares” by Nathanial Robert Walker in the December issue of the Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (JSAH)
When my friend Jim and I were sent a copy of the December issue of the Journal of Architectural Historians (http://www.jstor.org/pss/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.4.512) , I was so excited to see that a thorough scholarly report on this topic had been done and I wanted to be the first to share it. Living on Calhoun Square for 17 years showed me how wonderful these public spaces are to Savannah. Now that I stay in Savannah’s SOG (south-of-Gaston St.) neighborhood on the West Side, knowing why these three Squares to the north of my new neighborhood were lost in the 30s intrigues me as it has affected this area to this day. In my opinion what happened then probably gives some indication of why, in 1962, city fathers allowed further damage to the integrity of our city by demolishing one of our finest buildings, Savannah’s Union Station, circa 1902-1912. This is now seen as a mistake although at the time it probably seemed like a perfect gateway to Savannah for re-using the land and to give way to the modern automobile. Savannah was clearly not the only city in the 60s to destroy one of these beautiful Edifices. They were costly to maintain and the whole world seemed to be moving beyond what was at that time seen to be a soon-to-be outmoded form of transportation. New York City for example tore down Pennsylvania Station in 1963 and one could say we were just in step with what was going on in other parts of the country.
But in Savannah’s case, this move in the 60s was made in conjunction with the installation of ramps for I-16 (our important main road to Atlanta) that bisected our community and merged with Montgomery Street sending more traffic through the same missing squares we lost in the 30’s. The damage was further done by tearing down the earlier City Auditorium that had replaced several important residential buildings (click here for a 1916 view from the Sandborn Fire Maps) on the lots facing Orleans square with a modern new expanded Savannah Civic Center oriented onto the old Elbert Square leaving Orleans square with several parking lots where prominent buildings had once stood. History is often a story of layer upon layer and this is a good example.
The JSAH article emphatically states that, along with Depression era economic stresses, racism was a big factor in the 1930s when the feds re-routed the highway onto Montgomery Street. I would say though that the author may have misinterpreted what was probably Savannah just “choosing between the lesser of evils” vs. southern racism and drawing a line between white and black areas as the author states. In the interactive Sandborn map link above, if one zooms in and looks closely, in 1916, most of the two trust lots soon to become the City Auditorium, are already Vacant. For whatever reason, Savannah was sacrificing sacred ground in that area, an area that was considered expendable even back then. My guess is that the location of the Federal road construction project in the 1930s probably had a lot more to do with the geography of the area and how the city of Savannah was positioned in terms of where the Highway was coming from and where it had to go after leaving.
For Savannians, drawing lines was likely more to do with planning for future growth and saving what they could. And also, lets not forget the Federal Courthouse now located prominently at the Northern end of Montgomery Street and adjoining the one square that will be most difficult to save aptly named Liberty Square. It seems likely to me that the attorneys and judges in Savannah and Atlanta at that time would have had influence over federal funding and the folks that make decisions on the federal level. In the 60s it was all about I-16 and the connection to Atlanta, a city that, at that time, was not particularly fond of “The Great State of Chatham”. And while I have not researched this, it would not surprise me if Atlanta and the feds and local judges and attorneys were already planning in the 30s for a new courthouse where our current courthouse sits adjoining the site of the former Liberty Square. What ever was being planned at the time, these sorts of construction projects not only threatened our squares, but as or even more importantly, the very Oglethorpe plan itself. This was a disturbing trend even back then and by taking what should be two trust lots and combining them to build one large mass on them, Savannah’s most important asset was slowly being threatened. This history of Savannah’s west side and all the complex things going on including the relations between the races which did occur here (Jazz clubs and bars, the train station itself, the roaring 20’s, prostitution, drugs, and hundreds of small wooden cottages designed after the first settlements built here in 1733 which were often dependencies for the wealthier areas to the east) is complex in Savannah and worthy of additional in depth research.
Moving beyond the past, we now enjoy the possibility of a future where these scars can be healed back. Our city, all of us, would like to see these mistakes erased. And what an exciting time that will be when the I-16 ramps are gone and that area is opened up for re-development, when the civic center is altered to allow the return of Elbert Square, leaving only one square still damaged, When the parking lots facing Orleans Square are replaced by suitable buildings, and Savannah’s City Plan can be restored as much as possible to it’s original design increasing the value (like a damaged antique) of Oglethorpe’s plan to Savannah’s abused west side and our city as a whole. And if my experiences the past 20+ years living in beautiful Savannah is any indication, these changes will help move us closer to a more ideal balance and harmony between all the various parts and people of this great city. I hope I live long enough to see it!
Until Next Time,
Ron Melander
Keller Williams Realty Savannah Downtown
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